How did American public opinion shift during the annexation of the Philippines?

During the annexation of the Philippines, American public opinion indeed became divided over the issue of imperialism, leading to a notable anti-imperialist sentiment. This shift occurred in the context of the Spanish-American War, during which the United States gained control of the Philippines. Many Americans initially supported the idea of annexation on the grounds of promoting civilization and democracy, echoing the rhetoric of Manifest Destiny. However, as discussions progressed, significant opposition emerged.

Critics of annexation argued that it contradicted the foundational American values of self-determination and freedom, raising ethical and moral concerns about subjugating another nation. Figures such as Mark Twain and members of the Anti-Imperialist League voiced strong objections, emphasizing that the American government should not impose its authority on the Philippines against the will of its people. This ideological battle reflected a broader societal debate on American identity and moral responsibility, illustrating how the annexation issue polarized the nation and fostered a burgeoning anti-imperialist movement.

Demonstrating the complexities of American thought during this era, the division in public opinion marked a significant moment in U.S. history, as it indicated not just a reaction to imperialism but also a deeper questioning of American values in relation to foreign policy. This struggle