How did the U.S. acquire control over the Panama Canal Zone?

The acquisition of the Panama Canal Zone by the United States is closely linked to its support of Panama's independence from Colombia. In the early 1900s, the U.S. identified the strategic importance of building a canal through Central America to facilitate maritime trade and military movement. When Panama sought independence from Colombia in 1903, the U.S. provided military support to the Panamanian revolutionaries. This intervention was pivotal, as it helped the newly independent Panama swiftly gain autonomy.

Following Panama’s successful declaration of independence, the U.S. swiftly negotiated a treaty to secure control of the Canal Zone. The Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty, signed shortly thereafter, granted the U.S. rights over the zone for $10 million and an annual fee, effectively establishing American control over the canal construction and operations. The initial support and subsequent treaty highlighted the U.S. intent to establish a significant presence in the region and is a key illustration of American imperialism during this era.