What does the term "insurrection" typically refer to?

The term "insurrection" specifically refers to a rebellion or uprising against an authority or established government. This term is often used in the context of a violent revolt where individuals or groups seek to overthrow or resist oppressive regimes or policies. Insurrections are characterized by a significant challenge to the status quo, typically involving organized efforts by a community or group to promote change through forceful action.

In contrast, peaceful protests aim to express dissent or advocate for change without the use of violence, making them distinct from insurrections. Government reforms refer to changes made within the framework of existing laws to improve systems, and political campaigns are organized efforts to influence political decision-making, often leading up to elections. Therefore, the correct answer aligns directly with the definition of insurrection as a form of active resistance against an authority.